舌尖上的航海丨第30集 “幽靈船”里的“幽靈”

一則新聞吸引了眾多人的眼球。

一艘在大洋里漂流了60多天的“幽靈船“被拖上岸邊，里邊竟有一個(gè)人還活著，船上沒(méi)有食品和淡水，這簡(jiǎn)直是人間奇跡！人們稱這個(gè)人是“幽靈船”里的“幽靈”?！董h(huán)球航?！冯s志記者潘欣坐不住了，沒(méi)有費(fèi)多少波折，他找到了“幽靈”所在單位的辦公室。不料房門緊鎖。

人們告訴潘欣，“幽靈“叫戴維斯。戴維斯去了著名的法國(guó)著名的醫(yī)學(xué)博士邦巴爾的硏究室。原來(lái)，“幽靈”是按照邦巴爾的《邦巴爾法》，靠喝海水和魚(yú)汁活下來(lái)的?！栋畎蜖柗ā匪追Q《喝海水法》。

”海水不能喝，魚(yú)汁不足取”是航海院校海上求生課的“金科玉律“?！坝撵`“竟然喝海水和魚(yú)計(jì)活了下來(lái)，這究竟是怎么回事？

潘欣決心弄個(gè)明白。

通過(guò)船舶代理潘欣找到了邦巴爾博士。博士正忙于一個(gè)專題座談會(huì)的準(zhǔn)備工作，吩咐助手將”邦巴爾法“簡(jiǎn)介送給潘欣。

潘欣急不可耐地翻開(kāi)了簡(jiǎn)介。

海水的主要成分是氯化鈉。人體需要水份，也需要一定的鹽份。如果人體里鹽份過(guò)多，輕者會(huì)感到周身無(wú)力口渴，嚴(yán)重地會(huì)發(fā)生腎衰竭。

喝海水時(shí)務(wù)必要有節(jié)制，不應(yīng)連續(xù)走超過(guò)6天，一次只喝1一2小口，吞咽要慢，每天數(shù)次?？偭坎怀^(guò)一升。接著再喝3天淡水。往復(fù)交替，身體就能正常的補(bǔ)液。這樣就能你堅(jiān)持25天左右。

與此同時(shí)，你還可以獲取海魚(yú)，雨露和海里的浮游生物等。海魚(yú)大多數(shù)是無(wú)毒可食用的。海魚(yú)體內(nèi)主要成分是水，占50%一80%，并含有多種氨基酸和蛋白質(zhì)，是遇難者的理想食物。

讀完“邦巴爾法”簡(jiǎn)介，潘欣大開(kāi)眼界，同時(shí)也心存疑惑，這真的可行嗎？

”邦巴爾博士為證明自己理論的可靠性，曾做過(guò)一次震驚世界的實(shí)驗(yàn)?！辈┦恐中攀牡┑┑卣f(shuō)：“很安全?！?/p>

接著，博士助手講述了邦巴爾博士“喝海水實(shí)驗(yàn)”。

一年夏天，邦巴爾博士與志同道合的朋友杰克，帕爾默|乘橡皮筏“埃雷蒂克“號(hào)出海，沒(méi)帶任何淡水和食品。他們從摩洛哥出發(fā)穿過(guò)地中海，接著又橫跨大西洋。

經(jīng)過(guò)幾十天的艱難航行，邦巴爾終于抵達(dá)了巴巴多斯。（杰克己在丹吉爾下船）。此舉轟動(dòng)了世界。

在漫長(zhǎng)的漂泊中，邦巴爾靠喝海水，魚(yú)汁和海洋生物生活，並沒(méi)有腹瀉和嘔吐。

最后，醫(yī)生對(duì)他進(jìn)行了全面體檢，給出驚人的結(jié)論：一切正常！

十分湊巧，潘欣離開(kāi)硏究室時(shí)，“幽靈”戴維斯恰巧從里面走了出來(lái)。

潘欣沒(méi)有放過(guò)這千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)，邀請(qǐng)”幽靈”戴維斯接受采訪。

船舶代理把他們安排在一個(gè)咖啡廳。“幽靈”戴維斯回憶起在”幽靈船”上刻骨銘心的日日夜夜。

“幽靈船”是艘被遺棄的破舊貨船，被拖船拖至折船廠，在即將到達(dá)目的地的前一天，拖索不幸崩斷。貨船成了名符其實(shí)的”幽靈船”。

孤苦伶仃的戴維斯面對(duì)食品和淡水耗盡的“幽靈船”欲哭無(wú)淚

絕望中，戴維斯想起了曾經(jīng)讀過(guò)的一本書(shū)，里面介紹了“邦巴爾法”。他看到了一線生存的希望。

起初，戴維斯用小酒杯盛海水，堅(jiān)持了幾天。每天只喝一小杯，開(kāi)始有些不適應(yīng)，后來(lái)漸漸沒(méi)有了不適應(yīng)的感覺(jué)。甚至沒(méi)有感到口渴。

不久，戴維斯開(kāi)始試著捕海魚(yú)。

講到這里，戴維斯來(lái)了精神，，呷了口咖啡，繼債侃侃而談：“大洋里的魚(yú)大多數(shù)在海的表層和中層生話。以比自已小的魚(yú)和海洋生物為食。多群聚覓食。有的魚(yú)是“睜眼瞎”，只用羽毛或布條做“魚(yú)餌“投入海中，成群的魚(yú)就會(huì)聚集過(guò)來(lái)。如此一來(lái)，海魚(yú)成了我的“美食“和“飲料“。我在捕到的魚(yú)背上開(kāi)個(gè)口子，魚(yú)汁就會(huì)滲出來(lái)。如果等不及，把魚(yú)肉切成塊，用布包起來(lái)用力擰，魚(yú)汁就會(huì)源源而來(lái)。有時(shí)，為了吃到更多的食物，我將栓住褲角的褲子拖在船尾，讓褲子如同“拖網(wǎng)”隨船漂流，，海中的眾多生物盡收“網(wǎng)中”。夠我吃上幾天。就這樣，喝海水，飲魚(yú)汁，吃浮游生物，我在海上堅(jiān)持了60多天?！?/p>

說(shuō)到這里，”幽靈“戴維斯伸出渵是肌肉疙瘩的手臂說(shuō)：“經(jīng)醫(yī)生檢查，除有些便秘外一切正常！”

望著戴維斯健碩的身體，潘欣萬(wàn)分感概地說(shuō)：“人們稱戴維斯是“幽靈船“里的“幽靈”真是不過(guò)分?。　?/p>

張濤系中國(guó)航海學(xué)會(huì)科普專家、中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)洋海運(yùn)作家協(xié)會(huì)副主席、中國(guó)知名海員作家、“一帶一路”應(yīng)用型海事 人才研究院特聘研究員。作為遠(yuǎn)洋船長(zhǎng)，其在工作之余，筆耕不輟，為宣傳航海文化做出了較大貢獻(xiàn)，被譽(yù) 為“當(dāng)代弘揚(yáng)航海文化有突出貢獻(xiàn)的航海人”。先后在人《民日?qǐng)?bào)》《中國(guó)建設(shè)》《海事大觀》《航?！贰吨袊?guó)海 員》等報(bào)紙雜志上發(fā)表了大量文章，并出版了《我們都是無(wú)產(chǎn)者》《船長(zhǎng)與黃金》《路娃航海記》《船長(zhǎng)風(fēng)云 錄》《海上天方夜譚》《舌尖上的航?！返仁嗖拷偃f(wàn)余字反映航海經(jīng)歷的文藝作品。其中《我們都是無(wú)產(chǎn) 者》和《海上天方夜譚》獲國(guó)家優(yōu)秀作品獎(jiǎng)；《路娃航海記》獲中國(guó)航海學(xué)會(huì)特別貢獻(xiàn)獎(jiǎng)；《舌尖上的航?！吩?在國(guó)內(nèi)多家網(wǎng)站和報(bào)紙雜志上發(fā)表及刊登，受到廣大讀者，特別是航海愛(ài)好者的熱烈歡迎和好評(píng)；同時(shí)被譯 成英文，受到外國(guó)青少年和航海愛(ài)好者的喜愛(ài)。 2021年3月，江蘇航運(yùn)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院設(shè)立了“張濤海員作家”工作室。希望此工作室能夠創(chuàng)作出更多更好的作 品來(lái)弘揚(yáng)和發(fā)展海洋文化！

30 The Phantom of the Ghost Ship A news headline about a ghost ship took the world by storm.

When this ghost ship was discovered and rescued to shore after sixty days of floating

atop the ocean, one man was found alive in the cabins without any drinkable water or food

for over sixty days. People who heard this story called the man “The Phantom of the Ghost

Ship”, as there was no logical way that he should have survived those two months alone.

A reporter from The Global Nautical Journal named Pan knew he had to interview the

Phantom, and decided to pay a visit to the Phantom’s office himself, only to find it locked

and bolted from the inside.

After a few days of research, Pan found out that the Phantom’s name was Davis. After

becoming a seafarer, Davis had spent some time with a French biologist named Alain

Bombard, and even personally visited his workplace and laboratory. The Phantom took

advice and lessons from Bombard, and only survived because he used Bombard’s method of

drinking seawater and eating raw plankton and fish while he was lost at sea.

However, Pan remembered learning that saltwater was not drinkable and that plankton

and fish were not adequate sources of nutrition while he was in nautical school. So how did

Davis keep himself alive for over two months, living off of nothing but these minimal,

insufficient foods?

Pan was captivated by the mysteries behind this story, and needed to find out the truth.

Through the dock manager that he met in France, Pan was able to get the contact number and

address of the busy Doctor Bombard.

Because Bombard was preparing for an important biology conference and did not have

time to meet with Pan, he asked one of his assistants to explain his method to Pan in great

detail.

The assistant wrote that the main component of saltwater from the sea is sodium

chloride. The human body needs water, but it also needs a fair amount of salt. If there is too

much salt in the body, though, the person will feel weak and thirsty, and in serious cases, may

even suffer from kidney failure.

Therefore, when sailors are lost at sea, it is important for them to drink saltwater in

moderation. They shouldn’t continually drink saltwater for over six days in a row, and every

time they do drink it, they should only take one to two small sips and swallow very slowly,

keeping track of the amounts they consume. In total, the amount of saltwater they drink

should not go over one liter.

After drinking saltwater for a few days, the sailor should switch to drinking fresh water,

also in moderation. Alternating between the two types of water allows the body to hydrate

properly, and can keep the sailor alive for over 25 days.

At the same time, the sailor should try to catch fish and plankton from the ocean and

gather rainwater. Most of the fish in the sea are non-toxic and edible, as most fish’s bodies are

composed of 50-80% of water. They also contain a variety of amino acids and proteins,

making fish an ideal food for people who are in distress.

Pan read through Dr Bombard’s findings and results in awe. He was impressed, but at

the same time, he wondered, “Is this truly feasible?:”

“Dr Bombard once conducted an experiment that proved his findings and his reliability

to the entire world,” The assistant told Pan, “This method is definitely safe.”

Sensing Pan’s curiosity, the assistant began describing Dr Bombard’s experiment.

One summer, Dr Bombard and his friend Jack Palmer set out on a voyage together on an

inflatable boat named l’Heretique. They set sail from Morocco without any food or water

onboard.

Palmer abandoned Bombard when they arrived at Tangier, but Bombard completed his

ten-day voyage when he arrived at Barbados on December 23, 1952. During his journey, he

drank nothing but seawater, and ate nothing but fish, plankton, and other small ocean

animals. Though he lost a lot of weight, Bombard was not sick when he arrived at shore.

Pan shook his head in awe and thanked the assistant for all his help. As he got ready to

leave, coincidentally, Davis, the Phantom himself, appeared from Bombard’s office.

Pan was beyond delighted at the opportunity to meet the Phantom, and immediately

requested for an interview.

The assistant helped Pan and Davis book a table at a nearby cafe, where the Phantom

finally shared the details of his arduous two months onboard the ghost ship.

The ghost ship was an old, worn out cargo ship that was being towed to a shipyard when

the tow rope unfortunately tore in half and separated the ship from the tugboat. As it drifted

into obscurity, it gained the moniker of a “ghost ship”, with Davis still trapped within its

cabins.

Hopeless and lonely, Davis realized that he was running out of food and water, and

began to cry.

In his desperation, Davis remembered a book he once read about the Bombard method.

He saw a glimpse of a chance at life, and mustered all his mental energy to remember the

survival techniques that Dr Bombard illustrated.

At first, Davis filled a shot glass up with seawater and drank only one glass a day. He

was able to sustain himself over a few days drinking only the saltwater, with a little bit of

discomfort that gradually disappeared. Eventually, he no longer felt ill or even thirsty.

When he felt strong enough, Davis also made attempts at catching fish.

As he told his story to Pan, Davis excitedly took sips of his coffee, and told Pan

eloquently, “Most fish in the sea live near the surface or middle layers of the ocean and feed

on fish that are smaller than themselves. They also live in schools, so if you use feathers or

cloth as bait and throw it into the sea, groups of fish will soon gather all around you. This was

how fish became the most delicious and nutritious feast I could prepare while stranded on the

ocean. Every time I caught a fish, I poked a small hole in its back in order to kill it, and water

came flowing out of the opening, perfect to drink. If I couldn’t wait, I cut the fish into pieces

and wrapped them in cloth to soak up all the water inside. But sometimes, in order to

preserve my food, I tied my pants and shirts up into a net, tied it to the back of the boat, and

let all sorts of sea creatures swim into my trap for me to eat over the course of a few days.

Just like this, I was able to drink saltwater and eat fish and other small sea animals and

survive for sixty days.”

The Phantom rolled up his sleeves, flexed his biceps, and told Pan, “The doctor said I

was perfectly healthy and strong - except for having some constipation!”

Pan looked at Davis in disbelief, rapidly jotted down quotes in his notebook, and said,

“People call you the Phantom of the Ghost ship, but you’re really more like a beast!”

Zhang Tao is an expert in the fields of navigation, maritime history, and nautical science. He is involved in the Chinese Institute of Navigation, and is the vice president of the Chinese Association of Maritime Authors, a well-known Chinese author of subjects related to seafaring, as well as a distinguished researcher for the nautical analysis of the “One Belt One Road” Initiative. Aside from leading sailing crews as an esteemed captain of many Chinese ships, he works tirelessly in his spare time and has made important contributions to nautical culture and history. He has been described as “a navigator with momentous involvement in the promotion of seafaring culture in modern times”. He has published articles in People’s Daily, China’s Construction, Maritime Spectacle, Sailing, and Chinese Sailors and more magazines and newspapers. His authorial works include We Are All Proletarians, The Captain and Gold, Lu Wa’s Sailing Journal, The Captain of Wind and Clouds, Fairy Tales from the Sea, and The Taste of Seafaring, all of which reflect and promote the experience and culture of seafaring to millions of readers. Among his works, We Are All Proletarians and Fairy Tales from the Sea have won the National Outstanding Novel Award; Luwa’s Sailing Journal won the Outstanding Contribution Award from the Chinese Institute of Navigation; and The Taste of Seafaring has been published on multiple Chinese websites and magazines, attracting new waves of readers and audiences and acclaim from those with particular interest in sailing. The Taste of Seafaring has now been translated into English and is beloved by youths and nautical enthusiasts worldwide. In March of 2021, the Jiangsu Shipping College established the Zhang Tao Sailing Author’s Workshop. Hopefully, more wonderful stories and writings will come to fruition with the help of the workshop, and inspire people from all across the globe to learn about maritime culture!